Compiler: 
Jeffrey D. Ullman
Ravi Sethi
Compiler: 
- converts the source code into machine code.
Distinguish of compiler and interpreter;
- compiler converts the code all at once.
- interpreter translate the code one line at a time.
- compiler converts the source code into machine code.
- interpreter processes the source code on the the fly and emulates the program.
Single pass: 
- use more space or memory. 
- fast than multipass compiler.
- process only once time.
- having one pass, it's not time costing.
Multi-pass compiler: 
-- use less space or memory. 
- slower than single pass compiler.
- process two or more time.
- having more pass, it's time costing.
 
 
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